Know The City

Geography, topography, geology
Ciliwung River on the outskirts of Bogor and Mount Salak,The city is situated in the western part of Java island, about 53 km south of the capital Jakarta and 85 km northwest of Bandung, the administrative center of West Java Province. Bogor spreads over a basin near volcanoes Salak, which peaks at about 12 km south, and Mount Gede whose top is 22–25 km south-east of the city. The average elevation is 265 meters, maximum 330 m, and minimum 190 meters above sea level. The terrain is rather uneven: 17.64 km² of its area has slopes of 0–2°, 80.9 km² from 2° to 15°, 11 km² between 15° and 25°, 7.65 km² from 25° to 40° and 1.20 km² over 40°; the northern part is relatively flat and the southern part is more hilly.

The soils are dominated by volcanic sedimentary rocks. Given the proximity of large active volcanoes, the area is considered highly seismic. The total area of green space is 205,000 m², of which 87,000 m² are Bogor Botanical Gardens, 19,400 m² are taken by 35 parks, 17,200 m² by 24 groves and 81,400 m² are covered with grass.

Several rivers flow through the city toward the Java Sea. The largest ones, Ciliwung and Cisadane, flank the historic city center. Smaller rivers, Cipakancilan, Cidepit, Ciparigi and Cibalok, are guided by cement tubes in many places. It is worth noting that "ci" in the river names merely means "river" in Sundanese, and the actual name begins after it, but the "ci" is nevertheless included into national and international maps. There are several small lakes within the city, including Situ Burung (lit. Bird Lake; "Situ" meaning "Lake") and Situ Gede (lit. Great Lake), with the area of several hectares each. Rivers and lakes occupy 2.89% of the city area.

Climate
The climate is equatorial, and more humid and rainy than in many other areas of West Java – the average relative humidity is 70%,[36] the average annual precipitation is about 1700 mm, but more than 3500 mm in some areas.[36] Most rains fall between December and February. Because of this weather, Bogor has the nickname "Rain City" (Indonesian: Kota hujan).[41] [42] The temperatures are lower than in coastal Java: the average maximum is 25.9 °C (cf. 32.2 °C in Jakarta). Daily fluctuations (9–10 °C) are rather high for Indonesia. The absolute maximum temperature was recorded at 38 °C and the minimum at 3 °C.[1]

Population
According to the national census held in May–August 2010, 949,066 people were registered in Bogor.[43] The average population density is about 8,000 people per km²; it reaches 12,571 persons per km² in the center and drops to 5,866 people per km² in the southern part.[43] School girls in Muslim dress in the Bogor Botanical GardenThe rapid population growth in Bogor after 1960 is related to urbanization as well as the influx of workforce from other parts of the country.[46] The birth rate in 2009 was 563 children per 10,000 people, with the mortality value of 272. During the same year, 12,709 permanent resident moved in and 3,391 people left the city.[47] Men constituted 51.06% and women 48.94% of the population;[43] 28.39% of the inhabitants were under 15 years old, 67.42% were aged 15–65 years and 3.51% – over 65 years.[47] The 2005 estimate of the life expectancy is 71.8 years, which is the highest figure for West Java and one of the highest in Indonesia.[48]

Most population (87%) are Sundanese, with considerable numbers of Javanese, Chinese and other, often mixed ethnicities.[49] [50] Virtually all adults are fluent in Indonesian – the official language of the country. Sundanese is used at home and in some public areas and events – for example, the solemn speech of the mayor at the City Day celebration of 3 June 2010 was delivered in Sundanese.[50] The local dialect of Sundanese significantly differs from the classical version both lexically and phonetically.[51] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-dialect2_52-0">[52]

The majority of population (94%) are Muslims,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-agama_53-0">[53] with just over 5% Christians. However, there are many Christian churches in the city,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kristen_54-0">[54] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kristen2_55-0">[55] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kristen3_56-0">[56] as well as Buddhist (mostly in the Chinese community <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bud_57-0">[57] ) and Hindu communities.

Administration
Coat of arms of BogorBogor City is surrounded by the Bogor Regency (kabupaten) but in itself is a separate municipality (cat).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o144_12-3">[12] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UU32-2004_58-0">[58] The city is divided into six districts (kecamatan), which contain 68 low-level administrative units, 31 of which have the status of settlement and 37 are villages.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o767_59-0">[59] The city is headed by a mayor, who is elected by the citizens every five years, together with a vice-mayor; in the past, the mayor was appointed by the provincial administration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-UU32-2004_58-1">[58] Diani Budiarto became the first elected mayor of Bogor on 25 October 2008 and assumed his position on 7 April 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o484_60-0">[60] Legislative power is provided by the City Council which consists of 45 people's representatives who are also elected by the residents for a 5 year term. Nine political parties consisting of five fractions are represented in the Council.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o644_61-0">[61] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o644-2_62-0">[62]

The coat of arms of Bogor is a rectangular heraldic shield with a pointed base and the side lengths ratio of 5:4, divided by a cross into four parts. The upper left quarter contains the National Emblem of Indonesia – the mythical bird Garuda, in the upper right is the presidential palace, in the bottom left is the Salak volcano, and in the lower right is the national Sundanese dagger kujang. The inscription on top reads "KOTA BOGOR" which translates to "THE CITY OF BOGOR".<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o146_63-0">[63]

Economy
A building in downtown BogorGuppy fishes are exported in large quantities from Bogor.Bogor has developed automotive chemical and food industries;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o693_64-0">[64] its outlying areas are used for agriculture.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPPT-Pertanian_65-0">[65] During the colonization, Bogor was mostly producing coffee, rubber and high-quality timber. Chemical industry was introduced to the city at the end of the 19th century,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cikalbogor2_8-6">[8] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theyo_17-12">[17] and car and metal production in the 1950s, during the industrialization of independent Indonesia. The fast economic development of the 1980s was slowed down by the crisis of the 1990s and recovered in the early 2000s; so the growth rate of the economy in Bogor was 5.78% in 2002, 6.07% in 2003 and 6.02% in 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o693_64-1">[64] At the end of 2009, the Gross Regional Product (GRP) was 12.249 trillion IDR<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Svezhie_ekonomdannye_66-0">[66] (approximately 1.287 billion USD<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-exchange_67-0">[67] ) and the investments amounted to 932.295 billion IDR.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Svezhie_ekonomdannye_66-1">[66]

Despite the economical growth, the number of citizens living below the poverty level (defined by not only cash income, but also access to basic social services<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o771-20_68-0">[68] ) is increasing, primarily due to the inflow of poor residents of the surrounding rural areas. In 2009, 17.45% of the population lived below the poverty level, almost twice higher than in 2006 (9.5%)<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Svezhie_ekonomdannye_66-2">[66] Minimum wage is established by the city authorities at 800,000 IDR/month.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RSS_69-0">[69] In 2008 there were 3,208 officially registered industrial enterprises in Bogor employing 54,268 people, more than half (32,237) of whom worked at the 114 largest companies.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPPT-Industri_71-0">[71] The outskirts of the city contain about 3,466 hectares of agricultural area, including 111 hectares of water bodies used for fishery and fish farming.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPPT-Pertanian_65-1">[65] The main crops are rice (1165 hectares as of 2007, the annual harvest in 2003 was 9,953 tonnes), various vegetables (772 acres, 8,296 tonnes), corn (382 acres, 6,720 tonnes) and sweet potato (480 acres, 3,480 tonnes).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Urozhay_72-0">[72] The livestock sector has 25 registered companies (as of 2007) mostly breeding cows (more than 1000 animals yielding more than 2.61 million liters of milk), sheep (about 12,000), chickens (more than 642,000) and ducks (ca. 8,000).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o771-15_73-0">[73] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o771-16_74-0">[74]

About 25–30 tonnes of various species of fish are produced per year by 4 registered companies. The fishes are mostly bred artificially, in ponds and paddy fields.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o771-17_75-0">[75] Breeding aquarium fish and also catching them in their natural habitat is an important industry sector, which yielded 367,000 USD from 2008 export sales only, mostly to Japan and Middle East.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ade_70-1">[70] A substantial part of other Bogor production, 144 billion IDR in 2008, is exported. Examples are clothes and footwear (to US, EU, ASEAN, Canada, Australia, Russia), textiles (US, New Zealand), furniture (South Korea), car tires (ASEAN countries and South America), toys and souvenirs (Japan, Germany, Brazil), soft drinks (ASEAN countries and Middle East).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPPT-Perdagangan_76-0">[76] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o698_77-0">[77] Most of the local sells are carried out via the eight major shopping centers, nine supermarkets and seven major markets.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPPT-Perdagangan_76-1">[76]

Transport
Bogor railway stationBecak parking at the center of BogorBogor is a major transport center of Java. It contains 599.2 kilometers of roads (as of 2008) which cover 5.31% of the city area; 30.2 kilometers of the roads are of national and 26.8 km of prefectural importance.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-BPPT-Prasarana_78-0">[78] The 22 transport lines are operated by 3,506 buses and minibuses. In addition, 10 bus routes connect the city with the nearest metropolitan area (4,612 buses) and 40 with other cities of West Java (330 buses).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o151-8_79-0">[79] There are two major bus terminals, Baranangsiang and Bubulak. The former has an area of 22,100 m² and is dedicated to long-distance and freight traffic while the latter (area 11,850 m²) serves urban passenger routes.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o151-9_80-0">[80] A separate station is dedicated to tourist coaches and buses to the nearest Soekarno–Hatta International Airport in Jakarta, located about 55 kilometers from Bogor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o151-9_80-1">[80] Recent years see a significant increase in the number of traditional Indonesian rickshaw (becak) at more than 2,000 units as of 2009.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-becak_81-0">[81] The train station of Bogor was built in 1881, and currently serves about 50,000 passengers and has about 70 departures and 70 arrivals per day.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o151-9_80-2">[80]

Housing and facilities
Residential buildings occupy 26.46% of the city, or 71.11% of its built-up area; 5–14 storey buildings dominate the central part and the outlying areas are mostly built up with single-storeyed houses.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RSS_69-1">[69] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bappeda_82-0">[82] The population rise in the 1990s–2000s due to the inflow of external workforce sharply increased the number of substandard housing, mainly on the outskirts of the city. More than half of the slums (1,242,490 m²) are located in northern Bogor, whereas their area is only 89,780 m² in southern part of the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Bappeda_82-1">[82] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kumuh_83-0">[83] To improve this situation, the city administration launched a program of construction of cheap housing types (light prefabricated houses) in the western Bogor. These houses combine reasonable rent ($22 per year<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Svezhy_kurs_84-0">[84] ) at acceptable living conditions.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RSS_69-2">[69]

Electricity to Bogor is supplied by Indonesian state company Perusahaan Listrik Negara, which serves the provinces of West Java and Banten. Electricity is provided by more than ten regional thermal and hydroelectric power plants via two local transformer stations located in the Bogor districts of Cimahpar and Cibilong.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PLN_85-0">[85] Whereas most of the houses (excluding some slum areas) are provided with electricity, street lighting covers only 35.38% of the city (4,193 light sources, as of 2007), however, the number of street lights is increasing at an annual rate of 10–15%.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Lampu_Jalan_86-0">[86]

As of 2009, only 47% of Bogor is provided with clean tap water through a centralized water supply systems managed by state-owned Tirta Pakuan.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PDAM_87-0">[87] The municipal system takes water from rivers Cisadane (1240 liters per second), and three natural sources: Kota Batu, Bentar-Kambing and Tangka (410 liters per second). Although, the water network has a total length of 741 kilometers and covers about 70% of the city, connection to it is often problematic for financial and technical reasons. More than half of residents use water wells or natural reservoirs.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-PDAM_87-1">[87]

Garbage collection service covers 67% of the urban area. From about 800,000 m3 of waste per year, about 90% is buried at an external landfill at Galuga, about 7% is recycled for compost and about 3% is burned in five incinerators within the city.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Sampah_88-0">[88]

The seven cemeteries of Bogor are named by the city districts as Cilendek, Kayumanis, Situgede, Mulyaharja, Blender, Dreded and Gunung Gadung. The first six have the status of "public cemeteries" (Indonesian: Tempat pemakaman umum), and have no restrictions by religion or ethnicity. However, given the religious composition of Bogor, the cemeteries are predominantly Muslim, and Christian graves are located either in separate areas of cemeteries or in a small cemetery adjacent to churches.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TPU_89-0">[89] Some mosques also have small burial plots.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Falak_90-0">[90] Graves for poor and nameless are mostly located at Kayumanis,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-bezymyannye_91-0">[91] and Gunung Gadung cemetery is restricted to Chinese residents.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-pogrom_92-0">[92]

Education and science
Bogor is one of the major scientific and educational centers in Indonesia. A significant part of academic and research base was laid in the period of Dutch colonization. In particular, since the beginning of the 19th century there were established laboratories and professional schools focused primarily on improving the efficiency of the colonial agricultural;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-cikalbogor2_8-7">[8] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-theyo_17-13">[17] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Britannica1911_18-4">[18] In the late 19th – early 20th centuries have been established over major scientific institutions – the Research Institute and Rubber Research Institute of Forest.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Kauchuk_93-0">[93] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Les_94-0">[94]

Similar to the prevailing profile of research and academic activity was retained in Bogor Indonesia and after gaining independence. As in the second half of 20th century, and in the 2000s strongest areas were agricultural science, Biology and Veterinary. The main educational and scientific center with the utmost national importance, is the Bogor Institute of Agriculture, whose structure, in addition to educational facilities, includes dozens of research centers and laboratories. Academy of analytical chemistry.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IPB_95-0">[95] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o764_96-0">[96] Veterinary schools and laboratories existed in Bogor from the period of Dutch colonization. Photo 1907.Laboratory of the Bogor Institute of Agriculture. Photo 2010. The literacy rate in Bogor (98.7%) is rather high for Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Statistika_47-4">[47] Bogor Institute of Agriculture (Indonesian: Institut Pertanian Bogor) is the main agricultural university of the country. It was founded in 1963 based on the agricultural college, which was established back in the 19th century by the Dutch colonial administration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IPB_95-1">[95] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vuzy_97-0">[97] The largest private universities are Pakuan, Juanda, Nusa Bangsa and Ibn Khaldun.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-vuzy_97-1">[97] In addition to regular schools, there are over 700 Muslim schools (madrasah) and several Christian schools and colleges.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Statistika_47-5">[47]

Most scientific research in Bogor is carried out in agriculture, soil science, dendrology, veterinary and ichthyology.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-IPB_95-2">[95] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o764_96-1">[96] More specific areas include natural pesticides and repellents, intercropping, industrial applications of essential oils and natural alkaloids, increasing yields of various kinds of pepper, improving preservation processes, etc.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-rabotayut_98-0">[98] The city hosts the Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR) – a non-profit scientific structure, operating under the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR).<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CIFOR_99-0">[99] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-CGIAR_100-0">[100]

The headquarters of Organisation for the Preservation of Birds and their Habitat are in Bogor.

Culture
Bogor is one of the leading cities of Indonesia by the number of musea, some of which are among the oldest and largest in the country.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kultura_101-0">[101] The Zoological Museum (Indonesian: Museum Zoologi) which was opened in 1894 by the Dutch colonial administration as an adjunct to the Botanic Gardens and contains thousands of exhibits.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zoo_102-0">[102] Other prominent musea are more recent. So the museum of ethnobotany (Indonesian: Museum Etnobotani) was opened in 1982 and has more than 2000 exhibits;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-etnobot_103-0">[103] museum of the earth (Indonesian: Museum Tanah, 1988) represents hundreds of soil and rock samples from different parts of Indonesia;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-zemlya_104-0">[104] museum of the struggle (Indonesian: Museum Perjuangan, 1957) is devoted to the history of the Indonesian national liberation movement;<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-fighters_105-0">[105] and museum of PETA (1996) reflects the history of the Indonesian military militia PETA (Pembela Tanah Air – "Defenders of the Motherland ") created during World War II by the Japanese administration.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-predateli_106-0">[106]

The city has a drama theater,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-teater_107-0">[107] dozens of movie theaters, nine of which (as of mid-2010) are set-up at international standards.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-kino_108-0">[108] The presidential palace, administrative buildings and universities regularly host art exhibitions, and there are regular festivals of folk art, conferences and culture-related seminars, such as the Congress of Indonesian culture (Indonesian: Kongres Kebudayaan Indonesia) of 2008.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KKI_109-0">[109]

Health
The first hospitals were established in Bogor in the first half of the 19th century by the Dutch authorities. By the early 20th century, there were several civilian hospitals, a military hospital,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-RS_Lama_110-0">[110] and a large psychiatric hospital with doctors from Europe and North America.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-nuthouse_111-0">[111] In the 1930s, the Dutch Red Cross Society hospital became the largest in the city. Most of the existing hospitals and clinics are built in the 1980s–1990s.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rumah_Sakit_112-0">[112] They include 11 hospitals, 373 private clinics, 51 single-doctor clinics and 134 pharmacies and drug stores, and employ 274 general practitioners, 122 dentists, 74 sanitation doctors, 37 radiologists (X-ray), 141 gynecologists, 32 nutritionists, 55 assistants, 710 nurses, 63 pharmacists and 99 doctors of other specialties.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Statistika_47-6">[47] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Rumah_Sakit_112-1">[112]

The 11 hospitals of Bogor are:
 * 1) Hospital of the Indonesian Red Cross Society (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Palang Merah Indonesia) – general, the oldest in the city
 * 2) "Karya Bhakti" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Karya Bhakti) – general
 * 3) "Salak" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Salak) – Army general hospital
 * 4) "Ciawi" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Ciawi) – hospital of the Indonesian Red Cross Society, general
 * 5) "Atang Sanjaya" (Indonesian: Atang Sanjaya) – Air Force general hospital, also an Air Force base
 * 6) Bogor Medical Center – general practitioners, private
 * 7) Islamic Hospital (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Islam) – general, only for Muslims<sup class="Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[citation needed]
 * 8) "Azra" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Azra) – women and children
 * 9) "Melania" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Melania) – women and children
 * 10) "Hermina" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Hermina) – women and children
 * 11) "Marzuki Mahdi" (Indonesian: Rumah Sakit Marzuki Mahdi) – infectious diseases and psychiatric hospital

Media
Bogor has three daily Indonesian-language newspapers<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Koran_Daerah_113-0">[113] – "Radar Bogor", founded in 1998 and "Pakuan Raya" in founded in 2005 and Jurnal Bogor, founded in 2008. they print in about 25,000 copies and have electronic versions. Bogor offices also partly print part some Javanese and national newspapers. There are a few magazines and scientific publications of the local universities.

The two municipal TV channels, "Bogor-TV" and "Megasvara TV" broadcast at UHF channel 25 over the city and nearby areas of West Java.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-TV_Daerah_114-0">[114] There are also at least 30 local radio stations, of which 20 are in the FM and 10 in the AM range.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Radio_Bogor_115-0">[115]

Sport
As of March 2010, the Bogor teams were registered in 28 sports to participate in national and regional competitions conducted by the National Sports Committee of Indonesia (Indonesian: Komite Nasional Olahraga Indonesia). Their achievements are regarded as poor. So at the Java competitions, Bogor athletes took 5 gold medals instead of the planned 42.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-42_medali_116-0">[116] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-5_medali_117-0">[117] The largest among 15 sports organizations<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Statistika_47-7">[47] is the Bogor Football Union (Indonesian: Persatuan Sepakbola Bogor), headed by the current Mayor Diani Budiarto. The local football team "PSB Bogor" never took prizes in the national championships.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-sepak_118-0">[118] The local Stadium Pajajaran can accommodate 25,000 spectators.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-WS_119-0">[119]

Travel and places
Lily pond in the Bogor Botanical Garden.On a national tourism exhibition of 2010 in Jakarta, Bogor was recognized as the most attractive tourist city of Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-The_best_120-0">[120] The city and its surrounding area are visited by about 1.8 million people per year, of whom more than 60,000 are foreigners.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-jumlah_wisatawan_121-0">[121] The main tourist attraction is the Bogor Botanical Garden. Founded in 1817, it contains more than 6,000 species of tropical plants. Besides, about 42 bird species breed within the garden, although this number is declining and was 62 before 1952.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-122">[122] The garden's 87-hectare area within the city was supplemented in 1866 by a 120-hectare park in suburban town of Cibodas.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KRB_123-0">[123] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o818_124-0">[124] Much of the original rainforest was preserved within the garden providing specimens for scientific studes. Besides, the garden was enriched by collections of palms, bamboos, cacti, orchids and ornamental trees. It became famous in the late 19th century and was visited by naturalists from abroad to conduct scientific research. For example, the Russian St. Petersburg Academy of Sciences had a Buitenzorg scholarship for young scientists to work at Bogor.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KRB_123-1">[123] The staff of Bogor garden also administer three other major gardens of Iindonesia: the Cibodas Botanical Garden founded 1862 in West Java, the Purwodadi Botanical Garden in East Java and the Eka Karya Botanical Garden founded in 1959 on Bali island.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-brit_125-0">[125] The former residence of the Governor-General, now the summer palace of the President of IndonesiaCathedral. Photo 1920Another tourist attraction is the presidential palace with the total area of 28 hectares, including 1.8492 hectares of the palace buildings. The palace is surrounded by a park with a small pond.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KRB_123-2">[123] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o817_126-0">[126] The park is home to a herd of tame deer and is open to the public most of the year. The palace is accessible during holidays, such as the City Day and Independence Day; it has a collection of 450 paintings and 360 sculptures.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-KRB_123-3">[123]

The city and its suburbs contain dozens of medieval stone stelae (prasasti). Fifteen prasasti of the greatest historical and cultural value are collected in a special pavilion in the district of Batutulis.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o827_127-0">[127] In the western part of Bogor there is a large lake Gede (area 6 hectares) surrounded by the reserved forest area and a forest park. In the protected area there are several research facilities, and the recreation areas host sports activities, boating and fishing.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Situ_Gede_128-0">[128] <sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o823_129-0">[129]

On the territory of the botanic garden, there is a cemetery established in 1784.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ingat_Belanda_130-0">[130] It contains 42 historical graves of the Dutch colonial officials, military officers and scientists, who served in Bogor, Jakarta and other cities in West Java from the late 18th to early 20th centuries.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Ingat_Belanda_130-1">[130] Nearby, there are three graves of the early Sunda Kingdom (15th century): the wife of the founder of Bogor Silivangi, Galuh Mangku Alam, vizier Ba'ul and commander Japra. The locals regard these individuals as the city's patrons.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-Galuh_131-0">[131] Other historical places are the Bogor Cathedral – built in 1750, it is one of the oldest operational Catholic Churches in Indonesia,<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o807_132-0">[132] and the Buddhist temple Hok Tek Bio, built in 1672 in the classical South Chinese style. It is the first Buddhist temple of Bogor and one of the oldest in Indonesia.<sup class="reference" id="cite_ref-o833_133-0">[133]

Nearby is the Jaksa Waterfall.